Cytogenetic, chromosome count optimization and automation of Neolamarckia cadamba (Rubiaceae) root tips derived from in vitro mutagenesis

Chromosome count is the only direct way to determine number of chromosomes a species. This study often considered trivial that seldom described and discussed in detail. Therefore, it inevitable chromosome protocol should be revised revisited before becomes obliterated. In present study, we encountered challenges obtaining clear micrograph for active mitotic cells Neolamarckia cadamba (Roxb.) Bosser (Rubiaceae) root tips. Several obstacles were determined through observation, such as existing unwanted particles cells, poor staining clumping. To overcome these, tip types, methodologies, squashing methods among factors assessed obtain micrographs. The counts N. under optimized procedure showed 2n = 44 chromosomes. We also apply digital technology counts, online databases graphic software are open source freely accessible public. Only basic laboratory equipment chemicals used throughout thus making this economical applicable laboratory. availability provide open-source platforms will ease efforts count.